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French battleship Lorraine
''Lorraine'' was a battleship of the French Navy built in the 1910s, named in honor of the region of Lorraine in France. She was a member of the ''Bretagne'' class, alongside her two sister ships, ''Bretagne'' and ''Provence''. ''Lorraine'' was laid down in August 1912 at the ''Chantiers de Penhoët'' shipyard, launched in September 1913, and commissioned into the fleet in March 1916, after the outbreak of World War I. She was armed with a main battery of ten guns and had a top speed of .
''Lorraine'' spent the bulk of her career in the French Mediterranean Squadron. During World War I, she was stationed at Corfu to prevent the Austro-Hungarian fleet from leaving the Adriatic Sea, but she saw no action. She was modernized significantly in the 1920s and 1930s, and in 1935 her amidships 340 mm gun turret was removed and aircraft facilities were installed in its place. After the outbreak of World War II, ''Lorraine'' carried a shipment of gold from the French treasury to Bermuda before returning to operate in the Mediterranean. At the French surrender in July 1940, ''Lorraine'' was moored in Alexandria, where she was disarmed by the Royal Navy. After joining the Free French Naval Forces in December 1942, ''Lorraine'' was refitted for active service. She provided gunfire support for the landings in Operation Dragoon in August–September 1944 and bombarded German positions around La Rochelle in April 1945. After the end of the war, ''Lorraine'' was used was a gunnery training ship and then a barracks ship until late 1953, when she was stricken and sold to shipbreakers.
== Design ==
(詳細は''Liberté'', which had been destroyed by a magazine explosion the previous year. She was laid down at the ''Chantiers de Penhoët'' shipyard in Saint-Nazaire on 1 August 1912 and launched on 30 September 1913. She was commissioned into the French Navy on 10 March 1916. The ship was long overall and had a beam of and a full-load draft of . She displaced around at full load and had a crew of between 1124 and 1133 officers and enlisted men. She was powered by four Parsons steam turbines with twenty-four Guyot du Temple water-tube boilers. They were rated at and provided a top speed of . Coal storage amounted to .
''Lorraine''s main battery consisted of ten 340mm/45 Modèle 1912 guns mounted in five twin gun turrets, numbered from front to rear. They were placed all on the centerline; two were in a superfiring pair forward, one amidships, and the last two in a superfiring arrangement aft. As completed, however, the amidships turret did not have its guns installed until January 1917. The secondary battery consisted of twenty-two Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1910 guns in casemates along the length of the hull. She also carried seven , two on the conning tower and one on the roof of each turret. The ship was also armed with four submerged torpedo tubes. The ship's main belt was thick and the main battery was protected by up to of armor. The conning tower had thick sides.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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